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Victims of psychological abuse may appear to be relatively independent. Abusers often have histories of substance abuse and/or mental illness and are often dependent on victims for money or a place to live. It is not uncommon for the victim and abuser to be living together.

 Psychological abuse may resemble dementia and other mental and emotional disorders. Interview individuals who know the victim well as this may be helpful in distinguishing between an organic or emotional disorder and abuse.

Physical and behavioral indicators

The victim may:

• Exhibit sleeping, eating, or speech disorders.  
• Suffer from depression.  
• Express helplessness or hopelessness.  
• Be isolated.  
• Demonstrate fearfulness.  
• Exhibit agitation or anger.  
• Feel confused.  
• Harbor low self-esteem.  
• Seek attention and affection.

The abuser may:

• Threaten the victim.  
• Speak poorly of the victim.  
• Ignore the victim and his or her needs